How to challenge grant of probate in Nigeria

To challenge the grant of probate means contesting the validity or accuracy of the probate process or the appointment of the executor/administrator. If you believe there are grounds to challenge the grant of probate, here are the general steps you can take:

1. Consult with a lawyer: It’s advisable to seek legal advice from a probate or estate litigation lawyer who can guide you through the process. They will help assess the strength of your case and provide guidance on the specific steps to take.
2. Identify the grounds for challenge: Determine the specific grounds on which you are challenging the grant of probate. Common grounds for challenge may include:. a. Lack of testamentary capacity: Arguing that the deceased did not have the mental capacity to make a valid will at the time it was executed. b. Undue influence or coercion: Alleging that the deceased was influenced or coerced by someone into making or changing the will against their own wishes. c. Fraud or forgery: Claiming that the will is fraudulent or forged, and therefore should not be considered valid. d. Improper execution: Asserting that the will does not meet the formal requirements for execution, such as having the proper witnesses or signatures. e. Mistake or ambiguity: Contending that the will contains mistakes or ambiguous provisions that affect its validity or interpretation. f. Whether or not the executor was validly appointed. g. Where a dependent is not catered for. h. Where there are more than one executors with conflicting interest, etc.
3. Gather evidence: Collect any relevant evidence that supports your claim. This may include medical records, witness statements, expert opinions, or any other documents that can help substantiate your grounds for challenge.
4. File a caveat or claim: Depending on the jurisdiction, you may need to file a formal caveat or claim with the appropriate court or Probate Registry. This will put a temporary hold on the probate process and notify the court that you are contesting the grant.
5. Mediation or negotiation (optional): In some cases, it may be beneficial to explore mediation or negotiation with the executor or other parties involved to reach a resolution outside of court. This can potentially save time, costs, and reduce conflict.
6. Initiate legal proceedings: If mediation or negotiation is unsuccessful or not appropriate, your lawyer will help you initiate formal legal proceedings to challenge the grant of probate. This typically involves preparing and filing a lawsuit or petition in the relevant court.
7. Attend court hearings: Attend court hearings as scheduled and present your case. Your lawyer will represent you and present your evidence and arguments to support your challenge.
8. Await the court’s decision: The court will review the evidence and arguments from both parties and make a decision regarding the validity of the grant of probate. The court may uphold the grant, declare it invalid, or make other appropriate orders.

It’s important to note that the specific steps and procedures for challenging the grant of probate may vary depending on the jurisdiction and applicable laws. Consulting with a lawyer experienced in probate will provide you with the most accurate and relevant advice based on your specific circumstances.

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